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    Preliminary Virtual Screening Studies to Identify GRP78 Inhibitors Which May Interfere with SARS-CoV-2 Infection
    (MDPI, 2020-01-01) Palmeira, Andreia; Sousa, Emilia; Koseler, Aylin; Sabirli, Ramazan; Goren, Tarik; Turkcuer, Ibrahim; Kurt, Ozgur; Pinto, Madalena M.; Helena Vasconcelos, M.
    SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein was predicted by molecular docking to bind the host cell surface GRP78, which was suggested as a putative good molecular target to inhibit Covid-19. We aimed to confirm that GRP78 gene expression was increased in blood of SARS-CoV-2 (+) versus SARS-CoV-2 (-) pneumonia patients. In addition, we aimed to identify drugs that could be repurposed to inhibit GRP78, thus with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. Gene expression studies were performed in 10 SARS-CoV-2 (-) and 24 SARS-CoV-2 (+) pneumonia patients. A structure-based virtual screen was performed with 10,761 small molecules retrieved from DrugBank, using the GRP78 nucleotide binding domain and substrate binding domain as molecular targets. Results indicated that GRP78 mRNA levels were approximately four times higher in the blood of SARS-CoV-2 (+) versus SARS-CoV-2 (-) pneumonia patients, further suggesting that GRP78 might be a good molecular target to treat Covid-19. In addition, a total of 409 compounds were identified with potential as GRP78 inhibitors. In conclusion, we found preliminary evidence that further proposes GRP78 as a possible molecular target to treat Covid-19 and that many clinically approved drugs bind GRP78 as an off-target effect. We suggest that further work should be urgently carried out to confirm if GRP78 is indeed a good molecular target and if some of those drugs have potential to be repurposed for SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity.
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    Did Dermatological Hospital Referrals and Practice of Dermatologists Change in Between Pre-covid and Covid Era? A Short-term Preliminary Evaluation
    (WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, 2022-01-01) Kavak, Ayse; Erfan, Gamze; Aydingoz, IkbalEsen; Demir, Figen; Tukenmez-Demirci, Guelsen; Biyik-Ozkaya, Dilek; Demircioglu, Deniz; Yilmaz, Murat; Karapicak, Rabia; Sahin, Sedef
    Objective: In this descriptive study, we aimed to evaluate features of dermatology referrals before and after Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The patients referred to dermatology outpatient clinics of Acibadem Group Hospitals in Istanbul between the time intervals 2019 March 1st and August 31st (Group G1) and 2020 March 1st and August 31st (Group G2) were included in this study. G1 and G2 groups were compared in terms of age, gender, mean duration of complaints, the most common five anatomic regions and the most common five dermatoses. Results: Referral rate after Covid-19 pandemic was decreased by 40\%. Face (p=.0013, OR= 1.20, 95\% CI=1.07-1.34), scalp (p=.02, OR=1.23, 95\% CI=1.02-1.48) and hand (p=.04, 95\% OR=1.24, 95\% CI=1.00-1.54) were more common locations in 2020 (group G2) than in 2019 (G2 group). The most common five dermatoses were contact dermatitis (8.3\%), acne (8,1\%), wart (7,0\%), seborrheic dermatitis (5,7\%) and pyoderma (5,5\%) in G1 (2019), while the order was contact dermatitis (10,6\%), acne (7,5\%), seborrheic dermatitis (6,5\%), wart (6,4\%) and pyoderma (4,9\%) in G2 (2020). Contact dermatitis showed a significant increase after pandemic (p=.0017, OR=1.29, 95\% CI=1.10-1.51). In 2020, psoriasis and lichen planus showed a two-fold increases (P <.001, OR=2.00, 95\% CI=1.43-2.79 and p=.03, OR=1.92, 95\% CI=1.09-3.38, respectively), whereas frequency of molluscum contagiosum decreased significantly (p=.03, OR=0.49, 95\% CI=0.26-0.92). Conclusion: Although we found some remarkable results, relatively short-term period design with the limited patient population of this study needs to be verified in more comprehensive studies.
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    Transient cortical blindness in COVID-19 pneumonia
    (ELSEVIER, 2020-01-01) Kaya, Yildiz; Kara, Simay; Akinci, Canan; Kocaman, Ayse Sagduyu
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    The molecular footprints of COVID-19
    (WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2020-01-01) Yilmaz, Engin; Akyon, Yakut; Serdar, Muhittin
    COVID-19 is the third spread of animal coronavirus over the past two decades, resulting in a major epidemic in humans after SARS and MERS. COVID-19 is responsible of the biggest biological earthquake in the world. In the global fight against COVID-19 some serious mistakes have been done like, the countries' misguided attempts to protect their economies, lack of international co-operation. These mistakes that the people had done in previous deadly outbreaks. The result has been a greater economic devastation and the collapse of national and international trust for all. In this constantly changing environment, if we have a better understanding of the hostvirus interactions than we can be more prepared to the future deadly outbreaks. When encountered with a disease which the causative is unknown, the reaction time and the precautions that should be taken matters a great deal. In this review we aimed to reveal the molecular footprints of COVID-19 scientifically and to get an understanding of the pandemia. This review might be a highlight to the possible outbreaks.
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    Myocarditis following COVID-19 mRNA (mRNA-1273) vaccination
    (WILEY, 2022-01-01) Chellapandian, Suresh Babu; Turkmen, Suha; Salim, Imtiaz; Chinnakaruppan, Shanmugavel; Mohammad, Jassim
    In this case report, we presented a case of myocarditis as a rare complication that developed after Covid mRNA-1273 vaccine. Cases of post-vaccine myocarditis usually progress with mild symptoms. However, it should be a situation that healthcare workers should keep in mind, that myocarditis may develop after vaccination.
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    `Stepchildren of the Ministry': an examination of the difficulties endured by family physicians in Istanbul during tie course of the COVID-19 pandemic
    (CSIRO PUBLISHING, 2022-01-01) Yasin, Yesim; Bozkurt, Seray Basak; Yilidrim, Cansu; Arzak, Atakan; Dondurur, Hakan; Eken, Adar; Kara, Ismail Jan
    Introduction. Efforts to contain the SARS-CoV-2 virus would fall short without strong primary health care. Aim. In this study, we aimed to understand family physicians' experiences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Istanbul, focusing on their coping strategies in order to draw lessons for the future management of pandemics. Methods. Twelve community-based physicians working in Istanbul participated in semi-structured interviews between January and May 2021. Purposive sampling was used to ensure a range of physicians' characteristics. Individual interviews were conducted with each participant on an online platform. Participants were asked 26 open-ended questions. Phenomenological analysis was performed to describe experiences of physicians. Results. The physical conditions of participants' health centres were insufficient to provide service safely during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most physicians were uncomfortable about the quality and quantity of personal protective equipment received from the Ministry of Health and took additional measures themselves. Vaccine supply was thought to be insufficient and there were problems with the associated software. Many family physicians highlighted the inadequate communication from the Ministry. Insufficient knowledge about the disease caused anxiety and fear for the physicians and hindered their performance at the beginning of the pandemic. Physicians who live with their families were more anxious than those who did not. Discussion. Despite challenges, routine procedures have mostly been continued, but newly added responsibilities during the COVID-19 pandemic have had significant impact on physicians' lives.