Browsing by Author "Kandemirli, Sedat Giray"

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A Comparative Olfactory MRI, DTI and fMRI Study of COVID-19 Related Anosmia and Post Viral Olfactory Dysfunction
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2022-01-01) Yildirim, Duzgun; Kandemirli, Sedat Giray; Sanli, Deniz Esin Tekcan; Akinci, Ozlem; Altundag, Aytug
Rationale and Objective: To evaluate how COVID-19 anosmia imaging findings resembled and differed from postinfectious olfactory Material and Methods: A total of 31 patients presenting with persistent COVID-19 related OD and 97 patients with post-infectious OD were included. Olfactory bulb MRI, DTI and olfactory fMRI findings in both groups were retrospectively assessed. Results: All COVID-19 related OD cases were anosmic, 18.6\% of post-infectious OD patients were hyposmic and remaining 81.4\% were anosmic. Mean interval between onset of OD and imaging was 1.5 months for COVID-19 related OD and 6 months for post-infectious OD. Olfactory bulb volumes were significantly higher in COVID-19 related OD than post-infectious OD. Deformed bulb morphology and increased olfactory bulb signal intensity was seen in 58.1\% and 51.6\% with COVID-19 related OD
Olfactory Bulb MRI and Paranasal Sinus CT Findings in Persistent COVID-19 Anosmia
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2021-01-01) Kandemirli, Sedat Giray; Altundag, Aytug; Yildirim, Duzgun; Sanli, Deniz Esin Tekcan; Saatci, Ozlem
Background and purpose: There is limited literature consisting of case reports or series on olfactory bulb imaging in COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. An imaging study with objective clinical correlation is needed in COVID-19 anosmia in order to better understand underlying pathogenesis. Material and methods: We evaluated 23 patients with persistent COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction. Patients included in this study had a minimum 1-month duration between onset of olfactory dysfunction and evaluation. Olfactory functions were evaluated with Sniffin' Sticks Test. Paranasal sinus CTs and MRI dedicated to olfactory nerves were acquired. On MRI, quantitative measurements of olfactory bulb volumes and olfactory sulcus depth and qualitative assessment of olfactory bulb morphology, signal intensity, and olfactory nerve filia architecture were performed. Results: All patients were anosmic at the time of imaging based on olfactory test results. On CT, Olfactory cleft opacification was seen in 73.9\% of cases with a mid and posterior segment dominance. 43.5\% of cases had below normal olfactory bulb volumes and 60.9\% of cases had shallow olfactory sulci. Of all, 54.2\% of cases had changes in normal inverted J shape of the bulb. 91.3\% of cases had abnormality in olfactory bulb signal intensity in the forms of diffusely increased signal intensity, scattered hyperintense foci or microhemorrhages. Evident clumping of olfactory filia was seen in 34.8\% of cases and thinning with scarcity of filia in 17.4\%. Primary olfactory cortical signal abnormality was seen in 21.7\% of cases. Conclusion: Our findings indicate olfactory cleft and olfactory bulb abnormalities are seen in COVID-19 anosmia. There was a relatively high percentage of olfactory bulb degeneration. Further longitudinal imaging studies could shed light on the mechanism of olfactory neuronal pathway injury in COVID-19 anosmia.
Olfactory Cleft Measurements and COVID-19-Related Anosmia
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2021-01-01) Altundag, Aytug; Yildirim, Duzgun; Sanli, Deniz Esin Tekcan; Cayonu, Melih; Kandemirli, Sedat Giray; Sanli, Ahmet Necati; Duz, Ozge Arici; Saatci, Ozlem
Objective. This study aimed to investigate the differences in olfactory cleft (OC) morphology in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) anosmia compared to control subjects and postviral anosmia related to infection other than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Study Design. Prospective. Setting. This study comprises 91 cases, including 24 cases with anosmia due to SARS-CoV-2, 38 patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) due to viral infection other than SARS-CoV-2, and a control group of 29 normosmic cases. Methods. All cases had paranasal sinus computed tomography (CT), and cases with OD had magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dedicated to the olfactory nerve. The OC width and volumes were measured on CT, and T2-weighted signal intensity (SI), olfactory bulb volumes, and olfactory sulcus depths were assessed on MRI. Results. This study showed 3 major findings: the right and left OC widths were significantly wider in anosmic patients due to SARS-CoV-2 (group 1) or OD due to non-SARS-CoV-2 viral infection (group 2) when compared to healthy controls. OC volumes were significantly higher in group 1 or 2 than in healthy controls, and T2 SI of OC area was higher in groups 1 and 2 than in healthy controls. There was no significant difference in olfactory bulb volumes and olfactory sulcus depths on MRI among groups 1 and 2. Conclusion. In this study, patients with COVID-19 anosmia had higher OC widths and volumes compared to control subjects. In addition, there was higher T2 SI of the olfactory bulb in COVID-19 anosmia compared to control subjects, suggesting underlying inflammatory changes. There was a significant negative correlation between these morphological findings and threshold discrimination identification scores.
Olfactory Cleft Width and Volumes in Patients with COVID-19 Anosmia
(KARGER, 2019-01-01) Tekcan Sanli, Deniz Esin; Sanli, Ahmet Necati; Kandemirli, Sedat Giray; Altundag, Aytug; Yildirim, Duzgun
Relationship between disease severity and serum IL-6 levels in COVID-19 anosmia
(W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC, 2021-01-01) Sanli, Deniz Esin Tekcan; Altundag, Aytug; Kandemirli, Sedat Giray; Yildirim, Duzgun; Sanli, Ahmet Necati; Saatci, Ozlem; Kirisoglu, Ceyda Erel; Dikensoy, Oner; Murrja, Edvin; Yesil, Atakan; Bastan, Serdar; Karsidag, Tamer; Akinci, Ibrahim Ozkan; Ozkok, Sezen; Yilmaz, Eren; Tuzuner, Filiz; Kilercik, Meltem; Ljama, Taner
Background: An association between IL-6 levels and cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 patients has been suggested. Cases with higher IL-6 levels have more rapid progression and a higher complication rate. On the other hand, COVID-19 cases with anosmia have a milder course of the disease. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between serum IL-6 levels and presence of anosmia in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 based on laboratory (PCR) were stratified into two groups based on presence of olfactory dysfunction (OD). In all cases with and without anosmia