Healthcare Professional Survey on Complementary Feeding and Allergy Prevention in High- Versus Low-Risk Infants: An EAACI Task Force Report

Abstract

Complementary feeding (CF) influences infants' long-term dietary preferences, growth, and food allergy (FA) risk. However, guidance given to families and the implementation of FA prevention guidelines by healthcare professionals (HCPs) remain unclear. This study explored HCPs' perspectives and practices regarding CF strategies in the context of FA prevention across different regions and professional backgrounds. An online survey conducted by an EAACI task force between December 2023 and May 2024 assessed CF timing, allergenic food introduction, nutrient supplementation, and FA preventive measures. 550 HCPs (pediatricians, allergists, dietitians), 68% from Europe, participated. HCPs recommended CF initiation at a median of six months for breastfed infants and five months for formula-fed and FA high-risk infants. Atopic dermatitis (94%) and family history of allergies (87%) were the most recognized FA risk factors. Vitamin D (49%), probiotics (28%), and omega-3 fatty acids (18%) were commonly recommended supplements. Regional, professional, and educational influences differences emerged, with Northern European HCPs favoring earlier CF and allergen introduction, often without structured guidance. Southern European HCPs preferred a structured sequence and later CF initiation. A flexible, evidence-based framework is needed to guide FA prevention while accommodating cultural and geographical differences.