Efficacy and safety of sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic breast cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) still remains incurable after advances in the field of systemic therapy. Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is an antibody-drug conjugate that works against TROP-2 and clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in patients who have received multiple lines of treatment prior to its administration. However, the number of real-world studies is still limited in this field. The present study was performed retrospectively in one center and aimed at evaluating 48 women with MBC treated with SG in the period of December 2022 until March 2024. Clinical characteristics, toxicity of the treatment (CTCAE v5.0), pathology of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were studied. The median age of the patients was 50.5 years, with 68.8% of them having triple-negative breast cancer and 31.2% having positive hormone receptors and negative HER2. The percentage of the women having metastases in their central nervous system is 31.2%. Three was the median number of treatment lines undertaken prior to the trial. According to the data obtained in the course of the study, median PFS and OS are equal to 3.9 and 9.85 months respectively. At the same time, the percentage of the patients experiencing Grade 3-4 side effects is equal to 39.6%, with neutropenia being the most characteristic for SG use. Dose adjustments were made for 41.7% of the patients and 12.5% had to stop treatment. Overall, SG demonstrated clinical activity in this real-world cohort, although Grade 3-4 adverse events and treatment modifications were relatively frequent, highlighting the importance of close monitoring and supportive care.