Evolving Concepts and Contemporary Management of Early-Stage Breast Cancer: An Evidence-Based Approach to Grey Zones from a Comprehensive Breast Unit Part 1: Locoregional Therapy, Pathology, Radiology

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, and significant progress in systemic therapy, surgical techniques, and radiotherapy has contributed to improved clinical outcomes. However, many clinical scenarios encountered in daily practiceare not fully addressed by randomized trials, leaving persistent areas of uncertainty in the management of early-stage breast cancer. To meet these challenges, the multidisciplinary panel at Research Institute of Senology, Ac & imath;badem University developed consensus-driven recommendations for clinical scenarios that are encountered in daily practice. Herein, we aim to reflect both current evidence and institutional practice, and to provide practical guidance in areas where uncertainty persists. As breast cancer treatment continues to evolve, updates will be required to integrate emerging data and refine individualized patient care.