Evaluation of Langerhans Cell Density in Oral Lichen Planus and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Abstract

Objective: Oral mucosa exposed to many external factors. It has been suggested that oral pathologies may be related to cell-mediated immunity. Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells that initiate adaptive cellular response. Langerhans cells(LCs), an important member of this group. Oral lichen planus(OLP) is a common chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The most common malignancy in the oral cavity is oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC). In this study, we aimed to understand the role of LCs in OLP and OSCC which has an important role in mucosal defense. Methods: A total of 74 biopsies taken from Dentistry Department between 2013-2016 were included into the study. The 74 cases36 OLP, 28 OSCC and 10 normal mucosa as a control group were retrospectively re-evaluated. After selecting appropriate blocks, to evaluate Langerhans cells Langerin was applied immunohistochemically. Basal and suprabasal located immune positive Langerhans cells were counted in 1mm(2) areas in each case. Results: In our study, female (60\%) predominancy in OLPs, male predominancy(58\%) in OSCCs were reported. Age distribution mean was 53 +/- 12 in OLPs and 61 +/- 21 in OSCCs. OLP was localized in the buccal mucosa in 86\% of patients, whereas this rate was only 11\%in OSCC cases. LCs density was 87(57-105) in the control group, 104(84-143) in OLPs, and 82(48-128) in OSCCs. Conclusions: LC density was found significantly higher in OLPs compared to control group and OSCCs.In literature, variable results were published. Determining the density of Langerhans cells in these diseases can be a guide in terms of the pathogenesis of the disease and the improvement of treatment options.