Health Risk Assessment of Dietary Chemical Exposures: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Foodborne chemical exposure is a significant public health concern. Various chemical agents found in foods, including pesticide residues, heavy metals, natural toxins, compounds formed during food processing, and food additives, may result in carcinogenic or noncarcinogenic health effects in the long term. Along with discussing the main sources of dietary chemical exposure and its health impacts, this review article also covers the theoretical foundations and four main steps of chemical risk assessment. Furthermore, risk assessment approaches are investigated in the light of international organizations and guidelines, and the current debates and challenges within the field are underscored. Lastly, suggestions for safer food supply and potential future developments are presented. This comprehensive review may provide a current literature-based viewpoint on comprehending and addressing dietary chemical-associated public health issues.