Women's biopsychosocial experiences following embryo transfer: A qualitative study

Abstract

Purpose: This study explored the physical, psychological, and social experiences of women during the waiting period following embryo transfer (ET) in In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and provides recommendations regarding psychosocial support needs. Materials and methods: A descriptive phenomenological design with thematic analysis was used. Semi-structured telephone interviews (30-45 min) were conducted with 29 women who underwent ET at a private IVF center in Istanbul from April to July 2025. Data were coded and analyzed using MAXQDA 24, and themes and subthemes were identified. Results: Participants had a mean age of 32.8 years, infertility duration of 2.8 years, 2.2 of IVF attempts, and 2.5 ETs. Most women were employed (69%), 72% had no previous pregnancies, and 86% had undergone multiple IVF attempt. Four main themes emerged in the thematic analysis: physical effects, psychological effects, social effects, and coping strategies. Subthemes varied by marital duration, previous IVF experience, and number of ETs; effects were stronger among women with multiple ETs. Conclusion: Women experience multidimensional challenges following ET and adopt various coping strategies. Physical changes disrupt daily life, emotional fluctuations stem from uncertainty and anxiety, and partner/social support and trust in healthcare professionals are critical for mitigating anxiety and improving quality of life and treatment adherence.