The Effects of Single Session Whole-Body Vibration Training Applied at Different Mechanical Vibration Frequencies on Arterial Stiffness and Heart Rate Variability in Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

Background/Objectives: There is limited information about which frequency of the mechanical vibration is more effective in whole-body vibration training in the hypertensive population. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of whole-body vibration training on arterial stiffness, heart rate variability, blood pressure, perceived exertion, energy expenditure, and muscle strength using different mechanical vibration frequencies in hypertensive patients. Methods: Thirty-eight individuals diagnosed with hypertension between the ages of 40 and 70 years old participated in this crossover study. Whole-body vibration intervention were performed in random order on different days, with an amplitude of 2-4 mm and three different mechanical vibration frequencies of 0, 25, and 40 Hz. The mechanical vibration device used in the study produced vertical oscillations. A total of five additional exercises were performed in a single session, and each session lasted 15 min. Arterial stiffness was assessed using a noninvasive method, which can perform automatic measurements with a cuff. Heart rate variability was assessed using a 5-min electrocardiography recording. Lower-extremity muscle strength and energy expenditure were assessed using a digital dynamometer and an activity monitor, respectively. Results: There was a significant main effect of time for heart rate, respiratory rate, perceived effort, systolic blood pressure, augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats per minute, pulse pressure, mean arterial pressure, high-frequency power, and quadriceps muscle strength (p < .05). However, there was no significant frequency effect for changes in all variables (p > .05). Conclusion: Following whole-body vibration application at mechanical vibration frequencies of 0, 25, and 40 Hz; acute responses on heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, perceived exertion, arterial stiffness, heart rate variability, muscle strength, and energy expenditure produced similar effects. Significance/Implications: More studies investigating the frequency effects of whole-body vibration training applied at different mechanical vibration frequencies on acute responses will provide further guidance for future research.