Browsing by Author "Cingi, Cemal"

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Effects of High Altitude on Sleep and Respiratory System and Theirs Adaptations
(HINDAWI LTD, 2013-01-01) San, Turhan; Polat, Senol; Cingi, Cemal; Eskiizmir, Gorkem; Oghan, Fatih; Cakir, Burak
High-altitude (HA) environments have adverse effects on the normal functioning body of people accustomed to living at low altitudes because of the change in barometric pressure which causes decrease in the amount of oxygen leading to hypobaric hypoxia. Sustained exposure to hypoxia has adverse effects on body weight, muscle structure and exercise capacity, mental functioning, and sleep quality. The most important step of acclimatization is the hyperventilation which is achieved by hypoxic ventilatory response of the peripheral chemoreceptors. Hyperventilation results in increase in arterial carbondioxide concentration. Altitude also affects sleep and cardiac output, which is the other determinant of oxygen delivery. Upon initial exposure to HA, the resting pulse rate increases rapidly, but with acclimatization, heart rate and cardiac output tend to fall. Another important component that leads to decrease in cardiac output is the reduction in the stroke volume with acclimatization. During sleep at HA, the levels of CO2 in the blood can drop very low and this can switch off the drive to breathe. Only after the body senses a further drop in O-2 levels breathing is started again. Periodic breathing is thought to result from instability in the control system through the hypoxic drive or the response to CO2.
Endoscopic ear surgery
(ELSEVIER, 2020-01-01) Emre, Ismet Emrah; Cingi, Cemal; Muluk, Nuray Bayar; Nogueira, Joao Flavio
Objectives: This article reviews the advantages and disadvantages of endoscopic ear surgery (EES). Method: Pubmed, Google and the Proquest Central Database at Kirikkale University were queried using the keywords ``endoscopic ear surgery{''}, ``ear surgery{''} and ``endoscopy{''} to identify the literature needed for the review. Results: Endoscopes allow for enhanced surgical visualisation. The distal part of the apparatus is illuminated and contains lenses angled to allow a wider view of the operative area. Transcanal endoscopic techniques have transformed the external ear canal (EAC) into an operative gateway. The benefits EES can offer include wider views, enhanced imaging capabilities and increased magnification, and ways to see otherwise poorly visualisable portions of the middle ear. EES permits surgeons to operate using minimally invasive otological techniques. When compared with microscope-assisted surgery, endoscopic tympanoplasty has been shown to require a shorter operating time in some instances. There are a number of drawbacks to EES, however, which include the fact that it is a single-handed technique, that the light source may produce thermal injury and that visualisation using the endoscope is severely curtailed if bleeding is profuse. Conclusion: EES is a safe and effective technique. The current literature supports the idea that the results achieved by endoscopic methods are usually comparably beneficial to results obtained using conventional microscopic methods. (c) 2019 PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery. Production and hosting by Elsevier (Singapore) Pte Ltd.
Role of leukotriene antagonists and antihistamines in treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma comorbidity
(DERGIPARK AKAD, 2013-01-01) Baccioglu, Ayse; Yorgancioglu, Arzu; Cingi, Cemal; Cuhadaroglu, Caglar
Leukotriene receptor antagonists and antihistamines are efficient in reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis and asthma when used alone or in combination. In patients with allergic rhinitis, H1-antihistamines prevent and relieve the sneezing, itching, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion that characterize the early and the late response to allergen. H1-antihistamines are not medications of choice in asthmatic patients, but controlling rhinitis will improve asthma concomitantly. Leukotriene antagonist such as montelukast may be an alternative treatment for mild persistent asthma as monotherapy where inhaled corticosteroid cannot be administered or alternative to long-acting beta agonist as an add-on therapy to ICS for moderate to severe persistent asthma. Although montelukast is an effective drug in allergic rhinitis indicated as monotherapy, but widely recommended as adjunct to antihistamine or intranasal corticosteroid. Antileukotriene agents are also widely used in the treatment of pediatric asthma. In children, maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in pure episodic ( viral) wheeze was ineffective, but maintenance as well as intermittent montelukast was shown to have an efficient role in both episodic and multi trigger wheeze. Furthermore, their advantage to inhaled corticosteroids is that leukotriene receptor antagonists do not affect short-term lower leg growth rate in prepubertal children.