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The state of ethics education at medical schools in Turkey: taking stock and looking forward
(BMC, 2020-01-01) Kavas, Mustafa Volkan; Ulman, Yesim Isil; Demir, Figen; Artvinli, Fatih; Sahiner, Melike; Demiroren, Meral; Senyurek, Gamze; Pakis, Isil; Bakirci, Nadi
Background Ethics teaching is globally considered an essential part of medical education fostering professionalism. It does not only provide knowledge for good clinical conduct, but also trains medical students as virtuous practitioners. Although Turkey has had a considerable experience in ethics education of healthcare professionals, the general state of ethics curricula at medical schools in Turkey is unknown. Methods The purpose of this study was to collect comprehensive data about the ethics education programs at medical schools in Turkey. To this aim, we designed a cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire survey which focuses on the content, teaching years, teaching, assessment and evaluation methodologies, workforce and infrastructure. We delivered the questionnaire to all medical schools in Turkey. Seventy-nine medical schools participated in this study (response rate: 78\%). Results Although most institutions had an undergraduate ethics curriculum (91.1\%), the findings suggest deficiency of teaching personnel (34.2\% had no instructors). Furthermore, the distribution and composition of the workforce was imbalanced. The content varies largely among institutions. Medical schools with an ethics department were more likely to diversify teaching topics. However, ethics education was largely based on the four-principle approach. The content was usually conveyed to students theoretically. Around 90\% of schools had classroom lectures. It is the only method used at one-third of them. Clinical ethics education was mostly lacking. Multiple-choice tests were widely used to assess and evaluate student attainments (86.1\%). Conclusions Staff qualified to teach ethics and ethics education integrated into the six-year medical curriculum given by a multidisciplinary team are urgent necessities. Considering teaching, assessment and evaluation methodologies used, most medical schools seem to fall short of fostering students to develop ethical attitudes. Endeavors aiming for modern topics should be encouraged. As the organization ethics education change continuously, we think that a platform for monitoring ethics education at medical schools in Turkey should be established. Such a body would help ethics instructors to network and find solutions to current problems and build shared wisdom.
Did Dermatological Hospital Referrals and Practice of Dermatologists Change in Between Pre-covid and Covid Era? A Short-term Preliminary Evaluation
(WOLTERS KLUWER MEDKNOW PUBLICATIONS, 2022-01-01) Kavak, Ayse; Erfan, Gamze; Aydingoz, IkbalEsen; Demir, Figen; Tukenmez-Demirci, Guelsen; Biyik-Ozkaya, Dilek; Demircioglu, Deniz; Yilmaz, Murat; Karapicak, Rabia; Sahin, Sedef
Objective: In this descriptive study, we aimed to evaluate features of dermatology referrals before and after Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The patients referred to dermatology outpatient clinics of Acibadem Group Hospitals in Istanbul between the time intervals 2019 March 1st and August 31st (Group G1) and 2020 March 1st and August 31st (Group G2) were included in this study. G1 and G2 groups were compared in terms of age, gender, mean duration of complaints, the most common five anatomic regions and the most common five dermatoses. Results: Referral rate after Covid-19 pandemic was decreased by 40\%. Face (p=.0013, OR= 1.20, 95\% CI=1.07-1.34), scalp (p=.02, OR=1.23, 95\% CI=1.02-1.48) and hand (p=.04, 95\% OR=1.24, 95\% CI=1.00-1.54) were more common locations in 2020 (group G2) than in 2019 (G2 group). The most common five dermatoses were contact dermatitis (8.3\%), acne (8,1\%), wart (7,0\%), seborrheic dermatitis (5,7\%) and pyoderma (5,5\%) in G1 (2019), while the order was contact dermatitis (10,6\%), acne (7,5\%), seborrheic dermatitis (6,5\%), wart (6,4\%) and pyoderma (4,9\%) in G2 (2020). Contact dermatitis showed a significant increase after pandemic (p=.0017, OR=1.29, 95\% CI=1.10-1.51). In 2020, psoriasis and lichen planus showed a two-fold increases (P <.001, OR=2.00, 95\% CI=1.43-2.79 and p=.03, OR=1.92, 95\% CI=1.09-3.38, respectively), whereas frequency of molluscum contagiosum decreased significantly (p=.03, OR=0.49, 95\% CI=0.26-0.92). Conclusion: Although we found some remarkable results, relatively short-term period design with the limited patient population of this study needs to be verified in more comprehensive studies.
Knowledge, attitudes and misconceptions of primary care physicians regarding fever in children: a cross sectional study
(BMC, 2012-01-01) Demir, Figen; Sekreter, Ozgur
Background: Fever is an extremely common sign in paediatric patients and the most common cause for a child to be taken to the doctor. The literature indicates that physicians and parents have too many misconceptions and conflicting results about fever management. In this study we aim to identify knowledge, attitudes and misconceptions of primary care physicians regarding fever in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in April-May 2010 involving primary care physicians (n=80). The physicians were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: In our study only 10\% of the physicians knew that a body temperature of above 37.2 degrees C according to an auxiliary measurement is defined as fever. Only 26.2\% of the physicians took into consideration signs and symptoms other than fever to prescribe antipyretics. 85\% of the physicians prescribed antipyretics to control fever or prevent complications of fever especially febrile seizures. Most of the physicians (76.3\%) in this study reported that the height of fever may be used as an indicator for severe bacterial infection. A great majority of physicians (91.3\%) stated that they advised parents to alternate the use of ibuprofen and paracetamol. Conclusions: There were misconceptions about the management and complications of fever. There is a perceived need to improve the recognition, assessment, and management of fever with regards to underlying illnesses in children.
The Changing Prevalence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Turkey in the Last Decade
(AVES, 2021-01-01) Degertekin, Bulent; Tozun, Nurdan; Demir, Figen; Soylemez, Gizem; Parkan, Sirin; Gurtay, Ezgi; Mutlu, Deniz; Toraman, Meltem; Seymenoglu, Tolga Hayrettin
Background: The true prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unknown in Turkey due to a lack of population-based studies. The aim of this study was (i) to determine the overall and region-specific prevalence of NAFLD in Turkey

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