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Microsurgical anatomy of the subthalamic nucleus: correlating fiber dissection results with 3-T magnetic resonance imaging using neuronavigation
(AMER ASSOC NEUROLOGICAL SURGEONS, 2019-01-01) Gungor, Abuzer; Baydin, Sevki Serhat; Holanda, Vanessa M.; Middlebrooks, Erik H.; Isler, Cihan; Tugcu, Bekir; Foote, Kelly; Tanriover, Necmettin
OBJECTIVE Despite the extensive use of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) as a deep brain stimulation (DBS) target, unveiling the extensive functional connectivity of the nucleus, relating its structural connectivity to the stimulation-induced adverse effects, and thus optimizing the STN targeting still remain challenging. Mastering the 3D anatomy of the STN region should be the fundamental goal to achieve ideal surgical results, due to the deep-seated and obscure position of the nucleus, variable shape and relatively small size, oblique orientation, and extensive structural connectivity. In the present study, the authors aimed to delineate the 3D anatomy of the STN and unveil the complex relationship between the anatomical structures within the STN region using fiber dissection technique, 3D reconstructions of high-resolution MRI, and fiber tracking using diffusion tractography utilizing a generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) model. METHODS Fiber dissection was performed in 20 hemispheres and 3 cadaveric heads using the Klingler method. Fiber dissections of the brain were performed from all orientations in a stepwise manner to reveal the 3D anatomy of the STN. In addition, 3 brains were cut into 5-mm coronal, axial, and sagittal slices to show the sectional anatomy. GQI data were also used to elucidate the connections among hubs within the STN region. RESULTS The study correlated the results of STN fiber dissection with those of 3D MRI reconstruction and tractography using neuronavigation. A 3D terrain model of the subthalamic area encircling the STN was built to clarify its anatomical relations with the putamen, globus pallidus internus, globus pallidus externus, internal capsule, caudate nucleus laterally, substantia nigra inferiorly, zona incerta superiorly, and red nucleus medially. The authors also describe the relationship of the medial lemniscus, oculomotor nerve fibers, and the medial forebrain bundle with the STN using tractography with a 3D STN model. CONCLUSIONS This study examines the complex 3D anatomy of the STN and peri-subthalamic area. In comparison with previous clinical data on STN targeting, the results of this study promise further understanding of the structural connections of the STN, the exact location of the fiber compositions within the region, and clinical applications such as stimulation-induced adverse effects during DBS targeting.
Functional Reorganization in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Rat Following Hind-Paw Amputation: A Study of Functional Imaging with 1.5 Tesla MRI
(TURKISH NEUROSURGICAL SOC, 2020-01-01) Eksi, Murat Sakir; Ozcan Eksi, Emel Ece; Arslanhan, Ayca; Sirinoglu, Hakan; Erbil, Sertac; Gungor, Abuzer; Algin, Oktay; Konya, Deniz
AIM: To learn how rat primary somatosensory cortex (pSSC) responses to the loss of inputs from hind-paw, using fMRI of an inferior magnetic power (1.5 Tesla) with special designed high-powered rat coil. MATERIAL and METHODS: Ten adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were enrolled in this study. The rats were anesthetized with ketamine injection. Xylazine was intraperitoneally injected for analgesia and muscle relaxation with careful maintenance of spontaneous respiration. Either right or left hind-paws were amputated under aseptic conditions according to predefined random allocation of the rats. A 12-channel rat surface coil developed for proper image resolution in 1.5 Tesla MR was used. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained before hind-paw amputation
Morphometric Analysis of the Effects of Manuka Honey on Vasospastic Femoral Arteries in Rats: An Experimental Study
(YERKURE TANITIM YAYINCILIK HIZMETLERI AS, 2018-01-01) Tanriverdi, Osman; Yilmaz, Ilhan; Erdogan, Uzay; Gunaldi, Omur; Gungor, Abuzer; Adilay, Huseyin Utku; Arslanhan, Ayca; Tugcu, Bekir
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine if Manuka honey, a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, had any effect on the development of vasospasm in an experimental subarachnoidal hemorrhage model constructed in rat femoral arteries. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar Albino strain rats were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 was the control group (n=8), Group 2 was the vasospasm group (n=8), and group 3 was the treatment group (n=8). The wall thickness (W) of the femoral arteries and the luminal diameter (L) were measured using morphometric methods. The data were analyzed with statistical software. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare independent groups and Bonferroni post hoc analysis was used for multiple comparison tests. Significance for all of the results was established at p<0.05. Results: A statistically significant intergroup difference was detected in the mean L and W (p<0.001, p=0.001, respectively). The mean L value in Group 2 was statistically significantly less than that of Groups 1 and 3, while the mean W value was significantly greater (p<0.001 for all). However, no statistically significant difference was detected between Groups 1 and 3 with respect to the mean L and W values (p=0.064, p=0.954, respectively). Conclusion: Manuka honey exerts an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, including plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and the lipid peroxidation level. This study statistically demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Manuka honey successfully inhibited the development of vasospasm in an experimentally induced vasospasm model in the femoral arteries of rats.
``Suspended Duraplasty'': A technique for type 1 Chiari malformation resistant to initial surgical therapy
(ELSEVIER, 2020-01-01) Ucer, Melih; Akbas, Ahmet; Eksi, Murat Sakir; Erkan, Buruc; Demirgil, Bulent Timur; Gungor, Abuzer
Three-Dimensional Micro Structure of the Cingulum Bundle: A Fiber Dissection Study
(YERKURE TANITIM \& YAYINCILIK HIZMETLERI A S, 2019-01-01) Gungor, Abuzer; Hasimoglu, Ozan; Cirak, Musa; Erkan, Buruc
Objective: Cingulum bundle is a major fiber tract that extends into the cingulate gyrus and reaches to the temporal tip. It carries striatal, projection, association and commissural fibers. Therefore, it has an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many psychiatric and neurological diseases. Our aim

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