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    Eliminating Viral Hepatitis in Turkey: Achievements and Challenges
    (GALENOS PUBL HOUSE, 2022-01-01) Akarca, Ulus Salih; Baykam, Nurcan; Guner, Rahmet; Gunsar, Fulya; Idilman, Ramazan; Kaymakoglu, Sabahattin; Koksal, Iftihar; Tabak, Fehmi; Yamazhan, Tansu
    After the declaration Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis by the World Health Organization in 2016, the Turkish Government defined a national strategy covering 2018-2023 to reach goals by 2030. Following a participatory decision process and a series of workshops, the strategy was built on eight separate subheadings. Apart from the official Prevention and Control Program, two separate road maps for hepatitis B and C were developed to obtain targets accessible with the cooperation of the Viral Hepatitis Society and the Turkish Association for the Study of the Liver in 2018 and 2020, respectively. Up to 2023, achievements and the current situation of the National Viral Hepatitis Prevention and Control Program and the hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus road maps were assessed in detail on June 28th, 2022, by the subject matter experts in Turkey. Besides the officially reported achievement rate (42\%) of the Program in 2021, participants mentioned undesirable effects of the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, unregulated migration, low levels of professional and public awareness, and barriers to access to anti-viral treatment. Recommendations focused on increasing the efficiency of screening and surveillance by integrating the viral carrier identity of individuals into the national health information system, simplifying the drug supplement and treatment initiation process and insisting on education to raise awareness.
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    Simulation of pandemics in real cities: enhanced and accurate digital laboratories
    (ROYAL SOC, 2021-01-01) Alexiadis, A.; Albano, A.; Rahmat, A.; Yildiz, M.; Kefal, A.; Ozbulut, M.; Bakirci, N.; Garzon-Alvarado, D. A.; Duque-Daza, C. A.; Eslava-Schmalbach, J. H.
    This study develops a modelling framework for simulating the spread of infectious diseases within real cities. Digital copies of Birmingham (UK) and Bogota (Colombia) are generated, reproducing their urban environment, infrastructure and population. The digital inhabitants have the same statistical features of the real population. Their motion is a combination of predictable trips (commute to work, school, etc.) and random walks (shopping, leisure, etc.). Millions of individuals, their encounters and the spread of the disease are simulated by means of high-performance computing and massively parallel algorithms for several months and a time resolution of 1 minute. Simulations accurately reproduce the COVID-19 data for Birmingham and Bogota both before and during the lockdown. The model has only one adjustable parameter calculable in the early stages of the pandemic. Policymakers can use our digital cities as virtual laboratories for testing, predicting and comparing the effects of policies aimed at containing epidemics.
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    Variant analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains with phylogenetic analysis and the Coronavirus Antiviral and Resistance Database
    (FUTURE MEDICINE LTD, 2021-01-01) Sayan, Murat; Arikan, Ayse; Isbilen, Murat
    Aims: This study determined SARS-CoV-2 variations by phylogenetic and virtual phenotyping analyses. Materials \& methods: Strains isolated from 143 COVID-19 cases in Turkey in April 2021 were assessed. Illumina NexteraXT library preparation kits were processed for next-generation ]sequencing. Phylogenetic (neighbor-joining method) and virtual phenotyping analyses (Coronavirus Antiviral and Resistance Database {[}CoV-RDB] by Stanford University) were used for variant analysis. Results: B.1.1.7-1/2 (n = 103, 72\%), B.1.351 (n = 5, 3\%) and B.1.525 (n = 1, 1\%) were identified among 109 SARS-CoV-2 variations by phylogenetic analysis and B.1.1.7 (n = 95, 66\%), B.1.351 (n = 5, 4\%), B.1.617 (n = 4, 3\%), B.1.525 (n = 2, 1.4\%), B.1.526-1 (n = 1, 0.6\%) and missense mutations (n = 15, 10\%) were reported by CoV-RDB. The two methods were 85\% compatible and B.1.1.7 (alpha) was the most frequent SARS-CoV-2 variation in Turkey in April 2021. Conclusion: The Stanford CoV-RDB analysis method appears useful for SARS-CoV-2 lineage surveillance.
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    Association Between History of Polymerase Chain Reaction-verified COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes of Subsequent ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
    (SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2023-01-01) Dogan, Zeki; Erden, Ismail; Bektasoglu, Gokhan; Karabulut, Ahmet
    While the acute phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with worsening cardiac outcomes, it is unclear whether it affects the outcome of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) after the acute phase. In addition, while many studies compared the course of STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic with the years before the outbreak, we evaluated the course of STEMI during the pandemic according to whether or not patients had history of COVID-19. Patients diagnosed with STEMI during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study. The Ministry of Health database was analyzed retrospectively, and patients with (n = 191) and without (n = 127) a history of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 infection were divided into groups. Clinical and angiographic characteristics were assessed. The rates of in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were higher in those who had a history of PCR-verified COVID-19 infection. Angiographic and procedural findings indicating successful reperfusion were better in patients without a history of COVID-19. A history of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio 1.40, 95\% confidence interval 1.25-1.60, P < .01) independently predicted MACE. A history of COVID-19 infection is a predictor of worse outcomes following coronary intervention and in-hospital MACE among patients with STEMI.
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    Subacute Thyroiditis and Graves' Disease Possibly Associated with Sars-CoV-2 Infection: Presentation of Two Cases and Review of the Current Data
    (AVES, 2022-01-01) Celik, Ozlem; Anaforoglu, Inan
    The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has been identified as the cause of a pandemic of respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. Coronavirus disease 2019 may cause mild disease with nonspecific signs and symptoms such as fever, cough, myalgia, and fatigue or severe pneumonia with respiratory failure and sepsis. It is not clear whether coronavirus disease 2019 has an effect on the thyroid gland. Evidence support that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 who are followed up in the intensive care unit may develop temporary thyroid dysfunction as non-thyroidal illness syndrome. Until now, 22 cases of subacute thyroiditis and 5 Graves' diseases potentially related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection have been presented in the literature. Herein, we present 2 cases with subacute thyroiditis and Graves'diseases potentially related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in the context of the review of the literature. Physicians should be aware of the possible relationship between thyroid dysfunction and coronavirus disease 2019.