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    Premature Ejaculation and Endocrine Disorders: A Literature Review
    (KOREAN SOC SEXUAL MEDICINE \& ANDROLOGY, 2022-01-01) Coskuner, Enis Rauf; Ozkan, Burak
    Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction, with 30\% of men experiencing PE worldwide. According to the generally accepted classification, there are two types of PE: lifetime PE and acquired PE. Various biological and psychological causes are known to be involved in the etiology of PE. However, due to the incomplete definition and etiopathogenesis of PE, there is no effective treatment. Although clinical and animal studies indicate that hormones play a role in controlling the ejaculation process, the precise endocrine mechanisms are unclear. In addition, little is known about the role of endocrine disorders in PE etiology. However, there is evidence that diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), thyroid gland disorders, pituitary gland disorders, and vitamin D deficiency affect the prevalence of PE. Moreover, it has been reported that the prevalence of PE decreases with treatment of these endocrine disorders. In this review, the relationship between PE and DM, MetS, obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and thyroid and pituitary gland disorders is summarized.
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    The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on liver damage, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end products in experimental nonalcoholic- and alcoholic- fatty liver disease
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2021-01-01) Bingul, Ilknur; Aydin, A. Fatih; Kucukgergin, Canan; Dogan-Ekici, Isin; Dogru-Abbasoglu, Semra; Uysal, Mujdat
    Background/aim: Oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation are proposed as effective mechanisms in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD). 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 was proposed to have antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antiglycation properties. In this study, the effect of 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment on oxidative stress parameters and AGEs levels together with hepatic histopathology was investigated in high fructose (HFr) or ethanol (EtOH)-treated rats. Materials and methods: Rats were treated with fructose (30\%) or ethanol (5-20\%) in drinking water with and without 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment (5 mu g/kg two times a week) for 8 weeks. Insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress parameters, AGEs, triglyceride (TG), and hydroxyproline (Hyp) levels together with histopathology were investigated in the liver. Results: 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 decreased hepatic reactive oxygen species, lipid and protein oxidation products together with histopathological improvements in HFr- and EtOH-treated rats. 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment was observed to decrease significantly serum and hepatic AGEs in HFr group, and hepatic AGEs in EtOH group. Conclusion: Our results clearly show that 1,25(OH)(2)D-3 treatment may be useful in the alleviation of hepatic lesions by decreasing glycooxidant stress in both NAFLD and ALD models created by HFr- and EtOH-treated rats, respectively.
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    Serum Vitamin D Level at ICU Admission and Mortality
    (AVES, 2017-01-01) Atalan, Hakan Korkut; Gucyetmez, Bulent
    Objective: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a major role in the regulation of bone and calcium metabolism and has effects on the immune and cardiovascular systems. Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen in the general population as well as in critically ill patients and is reported to be associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Our aim was to determine the relationship between vitamin D level at ICU admission and mortality. Methods: A total of 491 patients admitted to the ICU between January 2014 and January 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The patients who were under 18 years old, had elective surgery, or whose serum vitamin D levels and outcomes were unknown were excluded. The patient's age, gender, APACHE II score, number of organ dysfunction, serum vitamin D level at ICU admission and outcomes were recorded. Results: Vitamin D level was low (<25 ng dL(-1)) in 166 (77.1\%) of the patients. In non-survivor patients, APACHE II score and the number of organ dysfunction were significantly higher than the survivor patients (p<0.001 and p<0.001). There was a negative correlation between vitamin D level and APACHE II score (r(2)=0.04, p=0.006). In multivariate analyses, the likelihood of mortality was increased 9.8-fold (range 4.2-17.6) and 8.9-fold (range 3.9-14.1) with an APACHE II score >= 24 and the number of organ dysfunction >= 2, respectively (p<0.001 and p<0.001). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is commonly seen in intensive care patients. Although it is not an independently decisive factor for mortality, it might be related with poor clinical status at ICU admission. The APACHE II score and number of organ dysfunction are still important parameters for increased mortality.