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    An Expert Panel Statement on the Beneficial Effects of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) in Early Life and Potential Utility of HMO-Supplemented Infant Formula in Cow's Milk Protein Allergy
    (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS LTD, 2021-01-01) Sekerel, Bulent Enis; Bingol, Gulbin; Cokugras, Fugen Cullu; Cokugras, Haluk; Kansu, Aydan; Ozen, Hasan; Tamay, Zeynep
    This review by pediatric gastroenterology and allergy-immunology experts aimed to address the biological roles of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and the potential utility of HMOs in prevention of allergy with particular emphasis on cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). The participating experts consider HMOs amongst the most critical bioactive components of human milk, which act as antimicrobials and antivirals by preventing pathogen adhesion to epithelial cells, as intestinal epithelial cell modulators by enhancing maturation of intestinal mucosa and intestinal epithelial barrier function, as prebiotics by promoting healthy microbiota composition and as immunomodulators by modulating immune cells indirectly and directly. Accordingly, the participating experts consider the proposed link between HMOs and prevention of allergy to be primarily based on the impact of HMO on gut microbiota, intestinal mucosal barrier, immunomodulation and immune maturation. Along with the lower risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, HMO supplemented formulas seem to be promising alternatives in the management of CMPA. Nonetheless, the effects of individual as well as complex mixtures of HMO in terms of clear clinical and immunological effects and tolerance development need to be further explored to fully realize the immunomodulatory mechanisms and the potential for HMOs in prevention of allergic diseases and CMPA.
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    Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics by Creating and Utilizing ML Models
    (MDPI, 2022-01-01) Cekikj, Miodrag; Jakimovska Ozdemir, Milena; Kalajdzhiski, Slobodan; Ozcan, Orhan; Sezerman, Osman Ugur
    Simple Summary Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Colorectal cancer belongs to the group of the most malignant tumors for which their burden can be only reduced through early detection and appropriate treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that the intestine microbiota is related and can impact colorectal carcinogenesis. This study proposes a multidisciplinary approach of two-phase methodology for modeling and interpreting the key biomarkers that can play a significant role in understanding the drug-resistant mechanism for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The proposed methodology was evaluated using a publicly accessible dataset, which may serve clinicians as a complementary analysis tool in colorectal cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. This study contributes to the field of predictive modeling in healthcare. Recent studies have highlighted that gut microbiota can alter colorectal cancer susceptibility and progression due to its impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. This work represents a comprehensive technical approach in modeling and interpreting the drug-resistance mechanisms from clinical data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. To accomplish our aim, we developed a methodology based on evaluating high-performance machine learning models where a Python-based random forest classifier provides the best performance metrics, with an overall accuracy of 91.7\%. Our approach identified and interpreted the most significant genera in the cases of resistant groups. Thus far, many studies point out the importance of present genera in the microbiome and intend to treat it separately. The symbiotic bacterial analysis generated different sets of joint feature combinations, providing a combined overview of the model's predictiveness and uncovering additional data correlations where different genera joint impacts support the therapy-resistant effect. This study points out the different perspectives of treatment since our aggregate analysis gives precise results for the genera that are often found together in a resistant group of patients, meaning that resistance is not due to the presence of one pathogenic genus in the patient microbiome, but rather several bacterial genera that live in symbiosis.