Araştırma Çıktıları

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    Enhancing Reuse of Data and Biological Material in Medical Research: From FAIR to FAIR-Health
    (MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2018-01-01) Holub, Petr; Kohlmayer, Florian; Prasser, Fabian; Mayrhofer, Michaela Th.; Schluender, Irene; Martin, Gillian M.; Casati, Sara; Koumakis, Lefteris; Wutte, Andrea; Kozera, Lukasz; Strapagiel, Dominik; Anton, Gabriele; Zanetti, Gianluigi; Sezerman, Osman Ugur; Mendy, Maimuna; Valik, Dalibor; Lavitrano, Marialuisa; Dagher, Georges; Zatloukal, Kurt; van Ommen, GertJan B.; Litton, Jan-Eric
    The known challenge of underutilization of data and biological material from biorepositories as potential resources for medical research has been the focus of discussion for over a decade. Recently developed guidelines for improved data availability and reusability-entitled FAIR Principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability)-are likely to address only parts of the problem. In this article, we argue that biological material and data should be viewed as a unified resource. This approach would facilitate access to complete provenance information, which is a prerequisite for reproducibility and meaningful integration of the data. A unified view also allows for optimization of long-term storage strategies, as demonstrated in the case of biobanks. We propose an extension of the FAIR Principles to include the following additional components: (1) quality aspects related to research reproducibility and meaningful reuse of the data, (2) incentives to stimulate effective enrichment of data sets and biological material collections and its reuse on all levels, and (3) privacy-respecting approaches for working with the human material and data. These FAIR-Health principles should then be applied to both the biological material and data. We also propose the development of common guidelines for cloud architectures, due to the unprecedented growth of volume and breadth of medical data generation, as well as the associated need to process the data efficiently.
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    RACK1 Is an Interaction Partner of ATG5 and a Novel Regulator of Autophagy
    (AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC, 2016-01-01) Erbil, Secil; Oral, Ozlem; Mitou, Geraldine; Kig, Cenk; Durmaz-Timucin, Emel; Guven-Maiorov, Emine; Gulacti, Ferah; Gokce, Gokcen; Dengjel, Jorn; Sezerman, Osman Ugur; Gozuacik, Devrim
    Autophagy is biological mechanism allowing recycling of long-lived proteins, abnormal protein aggregates, and damaged organelles under cellular stress conditions. Following sequestration in double-or multimembrane autophagic vesicles, the cargo is delivered to lysosomes for degradation. ATG5 is a key component of an E3-like ATG12-ATG5-ATG16 protein complex that catalyzes conjugation of the MAP1LC3 protein to lipids, thus controlling autophagic vesicle formation and expansion. Accumulating data indicate that ATG5 is a convergence point for autophagy regulation. Here, we describe the scaffold protein RACK1 (receptor activated C-kinase 1, GNB2L1) as a novel ATG5 interactor and an autophagy protein. Using several independent techniques, we showed that RACK1 interacted with ATG5. Importantly, classical autophagy inducers (starvation or mammalian target of rapamycin blockage) stimulated RACK1-ATG5 interaction. Knockdown of RACK1 or prevention of its binding to ATG5 using mutagenesis blocked autophagy activation. Therefore, the scaffold protein RACK1 is a new ATG5-interacting protein and an important and novel component of the autophagy pathways.
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    Computational analysis of missense filamin-A variants, including the novel p.Arg484Gln variant of two brothers with periventricular nodular heterotopia
    (PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE, 2022-01-01) Gerlevik, Umut; Saygi, Ceren; Cangul, Hakan; Kutlu, Asli; Caralan, Erdal Firat; Topcu, Yasemin; Ozoren, Nesrin; Sezerman, Osman Ugur
    Background Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a cell migration disorder associated with mutations in Filamin-A (FLNA) gene on chromosome X. Majority of the individuals with PNHassociated FLNA mutations are female whereas liveborn males with FLNA mutations are very rare. Fetal viability of the males seems to depend on the severity of the variant. Splicing or severe truncations presumed loss of function of the protein product, lead to male lethality and only partial-loss-of-function variants are reported in surviving males. Those variants mostly manifest milder clinical phenotypes in females and thus avoid detection of the disease in females. Methods We describe a novel p.Arg484Gln variant in the FLNA gene by performing whole exome analysis on the index case, his one affected brother and his healthy non-consanguineous parents. The transmission of PNH from a clinically asymptomatic mother to two sons is reported in a fully penetrant classical X-linked dominant mode. The variant was verified via Sanger sequencing. Additionally, we investigated the impact of missense mutations reported in affected males on the FLNa protein structure, dynamics and interactions by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the disease etiology and possible compensative mechanisms allowing survival of the males. Results We observed that p.Arg484Gln disrupts the FLNa by altering its structural and dynamical properties including the flexibility of certain regions, interactions within the protein, and conformational landscape of FLNa. However, these impacts existed for only a part the MD trajectories and highly similar patterns observed in the other 12 mutations reported in the liveborn males validated this mechanism. Conclusion It is concluded that the variants seen in the liveborn males result in transient pathogenic effects, rather than persistent impairments. By this way, the protein could retain its function occasionally and results in the survival of the males besides causing the disease.
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    Identifying and elucidating the roles of Y198N and Y204F mutations in the PAH enzyme through molecular dynamic simulations
    (TAYLOR \& FRANCIS INC, 2021-01-01) Aslan, Tolga; Yenenler-Kutlu, Asli; Gerlevik, Umut; Aktuglu Zeybek, Ayse Cigdem; Kiykim, Ertugrul; Sezerman, Osman Ugur; Birgul Iyison, Necla
    Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene. In phenylketonuria causes various symptoms including severe mental retardation. PAH gene of a classical Phenylketonuria patient was sequenced, and two novel heterozygous mutations, p.Y198N and p.Y204F, were found. This study aimed to reveal the impacts of these variants on the structural stability of the PAH enzyme. In-silico analyses using prediction tools and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Mutations were introduced to the wild type catalytic monomer and full length tetramer crystal structures. Variant pathogenicity analyses predicted p.Y198N to be damaging, and p.Y204F to be benign by some prediction tools and damaging by others. Simulations suggested p.Y198N mutation cause significant fluctuations in the spatial organization of two catalytic residues in the temperature accelerated MD simulations with the monomer and increased root-mean-square deviations in the tetramer structure. p.Y204F causes noticeable changes in the spatial positioning of T278 suggesting a possible segregation from the catalytic site in temperature accelerated MD simulations with the monomer. This mutation also leads to increased root-mean-square fluctuations in the regulatory domain which may lead to conformational change resulting in inhibition of dimerization and enzyme activation. Our study reports two novel mutations in the PAH gene and gives insight to their effects on the PAH activity. MD simulations did not yield conclusive results that explains the phenotype but gave plausible insight to possible effects which should be investigated further with in-silico and in-vitro studies to assess the roles of these mutations in etiology of PKU. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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    Structural analysis of M1AP variants associated with severely impaired spermatogenesis causing male infertility
    (PEERJ INC, 2022-01-01) Gerlevik, Umut; Ergoren, Mahmut Cerkez; Sezerman, Osman Ugur; Temel, Sehime Gulsun
    Background: Impaired meiosis can result in absence of sperm in the seminal fluid. This condition, namely non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), is one of the reasons of male infertility. Despite the low number of studies on meiosis 1-associated protein (M1AP) in the literature, MIAP is known to be crucial for spermatogenesis. Recently, seven variants (five missense, one frameshift, one splice-site) have been reported in the MIAP gene as associated with NOA, cryptozoospermia and oligozoospermia in two separate studies. However, all missense variants were evaluated as variant of uncertain significance by these studies. Therefore, we aimed to analyze their structural impacts on the M1AP protein that could lead to NOA. Methods: We firstly performed an evolutionary conservation analysis for the variant positions. Afterwards, a comprehensive molecular modelling study was performed for the M1AP structure. By utilizing this model, protein dynamics were sampled for the wild-type and variants by performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results: All variant positions are highly conserved, indicating that they are potentially important for function. In MD simulations, none of the variants led to a general misfolding or loss of stability in the protein structure, but they did cause severe modifications in the conformational dynamics of M1AP, particularly through changes in local interactions affecting flexibility, hinge and secondary structure. Conclusions: Due to critical perturbations in protein dynamics, we propose that these variants may cause NOA by affecting important interactions regulating meiosis, particularly in wild-type M1AP deficiency since the variants are reported to be homozygous or bi-allelic in the infertile individuals. Our results provided reasonable insights about the MIAP structure and the effects of the variants to the structure and dynamics, which should be further investigated by experimental studies to validate.
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    Investigation of multiple sclerosis-related pathways through the integration of genomic and proteomic data
    (PEERJ INC, 2021-01-01) Everest, Elif; Ulgen, Ege; Uygunoglu, Ugur; Tutuncu, Melih; Saip, Sabahattin; Sezerman, Osman Ugur; Siva, Aksel; Turanli, Eda Tahir
    Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) has a complex pathophysiology, variable clinical presentation, and unpredictable prognosis
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    Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics by Creating and Utilizing ML Models
    (MDPI, 2022-01-01) Cekikj, Miodrag; Jakimovska Ozdemir, Milena; Kalajdzhiski, Slobodan; Ozcan, Orhan; Sezerman, Osman Ugur
    Simple Summary Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Colorectal cancer belongs to the group of the most malignant tumors for which their burden can be only reduced through early detection and appropriate treatment. Increasing evidence indicates that the intestine microbiota is related and can impact colorectal carcinogenesis. This study proposes a multidisciplinary approach of two-phase methodology for modeling and interpreting the key biomarkers that can play a significant role in understanding the drug-resistant mechanism for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. The proposed methodology was evaluated using a publicly accessible dataset, which may serve clinicians as a complementary analysis tool in colorectal cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. This study contributes to the field of predictive modeling in healthcare. Recent studies have highlighted that gut microbiota can alter colorectal cancer susceptibility and progression due to its impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. This work represents a comprehensive technical approach in modeling and interpreting the drug-resistance mechanisms from clinical data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. To accomplish our aim, we developed a methodology based on evaluating high-performance machine learning models where a Python-based random forest classifier provides the best performance metrics, with an overall accuracy of 91.7\%. Our approach identified and interpreted the most significant genera in the cases of resistant groups. Thus far, many studies point out the importance of present genera in the microbiome and intend to treat it separately. The symbiotic bacterial analysis generated different sets of joint feature combinations, providing a combined overview of the model's predictiveness and uncovering additional data correlations where different genera joint impacts support the therapy-resistant effect. This study points out the different perspectives of treatment since our aggregate analysis gives precise results for the genera that are often found together in a resistant group of patients, meaning that resistance is not due to the presence of one pathogenic genus in the patient microbiome, but rather several bacterial genera that live in symbiosis.
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    ZK DrugResist 2.0: A TextMiner to extract semantic relations of drug resistance from PubMed
    (ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2017-01-01) Khalid, Zoya; Sezerman, Osman Ugur
    Extracting useful knowledge from an unstructured textual data is a challenging task for biologists, since biomedical literature is growing exponentially on a daily basis. Building an automated method for such tasks is gaining much attention of researchers. ZK DrugResist is an online tool that automatically extracts mutations and expression changes associated with drug resistance from PubMed. In this study we have extended our tool to include semantic relations extracted from biomedical text covering drug resistance and established a server including both of these features. Our system was tested for three relations, Resistance (R), Intermediate (I) and Susceptible (S) by applying hybrid feature set. From the last few decades the focus has changed to hybrid approaches as it provides better results. In our case this approach combines rule-based methods with machine learning techniques. The results showed 97.67\% accuracy with 96\% precision, recall and F-measure. The results have outperformed the previously existing relation extraction systems thus can facilitate computational analysis of drug resistance against complex diseases and further can be implemented on other areas of biomedicine. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    CogNet: classification of gene expression data based on ranked active-subnetwork- oriented KEGG pathway enrichment analysis
    (PEERJ INC, 2021-01-01) Yousef, Malik; Ulgen, Ege; Sezerman, Osman Ugur
    Most of the traditional gene selection approaches are borrowed from other fields such as statistics and computer science, However, they do not prioritize biologically relevant genes since the ultimate goal is to determine features that optimize model performance metrics not to build a biologically meaningful model. Therefore, there is an imminent need for new computational tools that integrate the biological knowledge about the data in the process of gene selection and machine learning. Integrative gene selection enables incorporation of biological domain knowledge from external biological resources. In this study, we propose a new computational approach named CogNet that is an integrative gene selection tool that exploits biological knowledge for grouping the genes for the computational modeling tasks of ranking and classification. In CogNet, the pathfindR serves as the biological grouping tool to allow the main algorithm to rank active-subnetwork-oriented KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results to build a biologically relevant model. CogNet provides a list of significant KEGG pathways that can classify the data with a very high accuracy. The list also provides the genes belonging to these pathways that are differentially expressed that are used as features in the classification problem. The list facilitates deep analysis and better interpretability of the role of KEGG pathways in classification of the data thus better establishing the biological relevance of these differentially expressed genes. Even though the main aim of our study is not to improve the accuracy of any existing tool, the performance of the CogNet outperforms a similar approach called maTE while obtaining similar performance compared to other similar tools including SVM-RCE. CogNet was tested on 13 gene expression datasets concerning a variety of diseases.
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    A comprehensive study on identifying the structural and functional SNPs of human neuronal membrane glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A)
    (TAYLOR \& FRANCIS INC, 2021-01-01) Khalid, Zoya; Sezerman, Osman Ugur
    Glycoprotein M6A, a stress related gene, plays an important role in synapse and filopodia formation. Filopodia formation is vital for development, immunity, angiogenesis, wound healing and metastasis. In this study, structural and functional analysis of high-risk SNPs associated with Glycoprotein M6-A were evaluated using six different bioinformatics tools. Results classified T210I, T134I, Y153H, I215T, F156L, T160I, I226T, R247W, R178C, W159R, N157S and P151L as deleterious mutants that are crucial for the structure and function of the protein causing malfunction of M6-a and ultimately leads to disease development. The three-dimensional structure of wild-type M6-a and mutant M6-a were also predicted. Furthermore, the effects of high risk substitutions were also analyzed with interaction with valproic acid. Based on structural models obtained, the binding pocket of ligand bound glycoprotein M6-A structure showed few core interacting residues which are different in the mutant models. Among all substitutions, F156L showed complete loss of binding pocket when interacting with valproic acid as compared to the wild type model. Up to the best of our knowledge this is the first comprehensive study where GPM6A mutations were analyzed. The mechanism of action of GPM6A is still not fully defined which limits the understanding of functional details encoding M6-A. Our results may help enlighten some molecular aspects underlying glycoprotein M6-A. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma