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    IGFBP-4: A PROMISING BIOMARKER FOR LUNG CANCER
    (SOC MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTS SERBIA, 2021-01-01) Savas, Irem Nur; Ozturk, Akin; Kavas, Murat; Bulut, Ismet; Alparslan, Sumeyye; Eroglu, Selma Aydogan; Baytemir, Cansel Atinkaya; Kolay, Murat; Coskun, Abdurrahman
    Background: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a member of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, transports, and regulates the activity of IGFs. The pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has proteolytic activity towards IGFBP-4, and both proteins have been associated with a variety of cancers, including lung cancer. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the use of IGFBP-4 and PAPP-A as potential biomarkers for lung cancer. Methods: Eighty-three volunteers, including 60 patients with lung cancer and 23 healthy individuals, were included in this study. The patients with lung cancer were selected based on their treatment status, histological subgroup, and stage of the disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to assess the serum levels of IGFBP-4 and PAPPA, whereas the IGF-1 levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunometric assay. Results: The serum IGFBP-4 levels in all patient groups, regardless of the treatment status and histological differences, were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.005). However, the serum PAPP-A levels in the untreated patient group were found to be higher than those in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.086). Conclusions: The serum PAPP-A and IGFBP-4 levels are elevated in lung cancer. However, IGFBP-4 may have better potential than PAPP-A as a lung cancer biomarker.
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    Sunlight may increase the FDG uptake value in primary tumors of patients with non-small cell lung cancer
    (SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD, 2013-01-01) Mutlu, Hasan; Buyukcelik, Abdullah; Kaya, Eser; Kibar, Mustafa; Seyrek, Ertugrul; Yavuz, Sinan; Calikusu, Zuleyha
    Currently, positron emission tomography with computerized tomography (PET-CT) is the most sensitive technique for detecting extracranial metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It has been reported that there is a correlation between the maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary tumors and prognosis in patients with NSCLC. The effect of sunlight exposure on PET-CT SUVmax value is not known. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of sunlight exposure on PET-CT SUVmax a value in patients with NSCLC. A total of 290 patients with NSCLC from two different regions of Turkey (Kayseri, n=168 and Adana, n=122) that have different climate and sunlight exposure intensity, were included in the study. Age, gender, histology of cancer, cancer stage, smoking status, comorbidity and SUVmax of the primary tumor area at the time of staging were evaluated as prognostic factors. In the multivariate analysis, we detected that the region was the only independent factor affecting SUVmax (P=0.019). We identified that warmer climate and more sunlight exposure significantly increases the SUVmax value of the primary tumor area in patients with NSCLC. Further studies are warranted to clarify the issue.
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    The importance of histological patterns on PD-L1 staining heterogeneity: Should we use pattern-based approach for selecting tumor samples for PD-L1 testing in lung
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC \& TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2021-01-01) Bulutay, Pinar; Firat, Pinar; Zeren, Handan; Erus, Suat; Tanju, Serhan; Dilege, Sukru
    Background/aim: Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) is a predictive marker for immunotherapeutic agents. However, heterogeneous staining of PD-L1 can cause false-negative results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the importance of histological patterns on PD-L1 staining heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinomas (LAC). Materials and methods: PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain was performed to two different tissue cores of 128 LAC cases, and cut-off values are given for grouping the cases according to the percentage of staining (1\%-10\%, 11\%-49\%, 50\%-100\%). Staining rates between cores were compared and analyzed by their histological patterns. Also, the relation of the PD-L1 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of the cases was analyzed. Results: Overall, PD-L1 expression was observed in 53 of 128 cases (41.4\%, 1\% cut-off), 23.5\% of them were positive at 10\% cut-off and 14.1\% at 50\% cut-off. PD-L1 expression was significantly related to the high grade micropapillary and solid patterns of adenocarcinomas (p:0.01). Staining cut-offs were mostly similar between cores (43/50, 86\%) (k:0.843). However, 14\% of them were positive only in one core (7 of 50). This false negativity was mostly related to the histological patterns. Conclusion: Our data reveal the heterogeneous staining of PD-L1 expression, also micropapillary and solid patterns show higher rates of PDL expression. Therewithal, these findings also highlight the importance of taking into consideration of histological patterns, when choosing a paraffin block for the PDL1.