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    The Impact of Everolimus and Radiation Therapy on Pulmonary Fibrosis
    (MDPI, 2020-01-01) Eren, Mehmet Fuat; Eren, Ayfer Ay; Sayan, Mutlay; Yucel, Birsen; Elagoz, Sahende; Ozguven, Yildiray; Vergalasova, Irina; Altun, Ahmet; Kilickap, Saadettin; Daliparty, Vasudev Malik; Bese, Nuran
    Background and objectives:Everolimus (EVE) is a mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that is widely used in cancer patients. Pulmonary toxicity, usually manifesting as interstitial pneumonitis, is a serious adverse effect of this drug. Radiation therapy, which is often administered in conjunction with chemotherapy for synergistic effects, also causes pulmonary fibrosis. In view of pulmonary damage development in these two forms of cancer treatment, we have examined the effect of EVE administration individually, in combination with radiation given in varying sequences, and its relation to the extent of pulmonary damage.Materials and Methods:We performed an experimental study in albino rats, which were randomized into five groups: (1) control group, (2) EVE alone, (3) EVE 22 h after radiation, (4) EVE 2 h after irradiation, and (5) only radiation. Sixteen weeks after thoracic irradiation, rat lung tissue samples were examined under light microscopy, and the extent of pulmonary damage was estimated. After this, we calculated median fibrosis scores in each group.Results:The highest fibrosis score was noted in Group 4. Among the five groups, the control group had a significantly lower median fibrosis score compared to the others. When the median fibrosis score of the group that received concurrent EVE with radiation therapy (RT) (Group 4) was compared with that of the control group, the difference was statistically significant (p= 0.0022). However, no significant differences were achieved among the study groups that received EVE only or RT only, whether concurrently or sequentially (p> 0.05).Conclusion:EVE is an effective treatment option for the management of several malignancies and is often combined with other therapies, such as radiation, for a more efficient response. However, an increased risk of pulmonary fibrosis should also be anticipated when these two modalities are combined, as they both can cause pulmonary damage, especially when administered concurrently.
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    Comparison of warm fluid and cold fluid resuscitation during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock model in rats
    (TURKISH ASSOC TRAUMA EMERGENCY SURGERY, 2017-01-01) Dilmen, Serkan; Eryilmaz, Mehmet; Balkan, Salih Mujdat; Serdar, Muhittin; Durusu, Murat; Yildirim, Ali Osman; Dilmen, Sanem Aslihan
    BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the effects of resuscitation with cold and warm fluid on survival time, rate and volume of hemorrhage, hemodynamics, hypothermia, coagulopathy, acid-base balance, hematocrit, lactate, and base deficit during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (HS) model in rats. METHODS: HS model was created with splenic vascular and parenchymal injury in 29 rats under ketamine and xylazine anesthesia. Thirty minutes after the hemorrhage, the rats were randomized to receive 14.5 mL/kg 0.9\% sodium chloride solution at either 24 degrees C (Group I
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    Distribution of Zonula Occludens-1 and Occludin and alterations of testicular morphology after in utero radiation and postnatal hyperthermia in rats
    (WILEY, 2012-01-01) Senturk, Gozde Erkanli; Canillioglu, Yasemin Ersoy; Umay, Cenk; Demiralp-Eksioglu, Emel; Ercan, Feriha
    In utero irradiation (IR) and postnatal hyperthermia (HT) exposure cause infertility by decreasing spermatogenic colony growth and the number of sperm in rats. Four groups were used: (i) Control group, (ii) HT group (rats exposed to hyperthermia on the 10th postnatal day), (iii) IR group (rats exposed to IR on the 17th gestational day) and (iv) IR + HT group. Three and six months after the procedures testes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Some degenerated tubules in the HT group, many vacuoles in spermatogenic cells and degenerated tight junctions in the IR group, atrophic tubules and severe degeneration of tight junctions in the IR + HT group were observed. ZO-1 and occludin immunoreactivity were decreased and disorganized in the HT and IR groups and absent in the IR + HT group. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells was accompanied by a time-dependent decrease in haploid, diploid and tetraploid cells in all groups. Degenerative findings were severe after 6 months in all groups. The double-hit model may represent a Sertoli cell only model of infertility due to a decrease in spermatogenic cell and alterated blood-testis barrier proteins in rat.
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    The effect of femoral nerve block on fracture healing via expressions of growth factors and beta-catenin
    (VIA MEDICA, 2016-01-01) Uslu, Serap; Irban, Arzu Gercek; Gereli, Arel; Aydinlar, Elif Ilgaz; Elpen, Pinar; Ince, Umit
    Introduction. Many patients of all ages are admitted to hospital due to bone fractures. The etiology of fracture has a very wide spectrum, ranging from motor accidents to pathological conditions such as tumors, osteoporosis, and others. Bone fracture healing is a well-programmed and well-organized process, but is also long and intractable. The outcome of this process is therefore affected by many factors, such as the patient's age, ethnicity, nutritional status, and extent of the fracture. At present, regional analgesic techniques are frequently applied in order to avoid the complications of systemic opioid administration, central block applications. Femoral block is one of the regional analgesic techniques frequently applied by anesthesiologists when the lower extremities are involved. In this study, we evaluated the effect of femoral nerve block on the healing of an experimental non-stabilized femur fracture via expression of TGF-beta, VEGF, and beta-catenin and bone histomorphometry in rats. Material and methods. In the control group, only the femoral fracture was performed and the bone was not fixated, similarly as in other groups. In the One-Day Block group, a one-time femoral nerve block was applied after the femoral fracture. In the Three-Day Block group, a daily femoral nerve block was performed for three days after the femoral fracture. On Days 4, 7, and 13, femurs were excised. The bone sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin to evaluate bone tissue and Safranin O to assess callus tissue, cartilaginous tissue, and new bone areas. TGF-beta, VEGF, and beta-catenin were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that femoral block application had a positive impact on bone healing. TGF-beta expression in the One-Day and Three-Day Block Groups was significantly higher than in the control group at all times, as was also the case with VEGF expression. On day 13, beta-catenin expression was significantly higher in the Three-Day Block group than the others. Conclusions. The results of the study suggests that the applications of a femoral nerve block for perioperative analgesia, for either one day or three days, resulted in better and more rapid bone healing.
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    Effects of Duraseal (R) and Fibrin Glue on healing of normal and ischemic colon anastomosis
    (ISTANBUL UNIV, FAC PHARMACY, 2020-01-01) Kara, Halil; Ulualp, Kenan
    Background and Aims: Anastomotic leaks represent a major complication of colorectal surgery. This study, involving a rat model of normal and ischemic colon anastomosis, aims to compare the effects of Duraseal (R) with those of Fibrin Glue (FG). Methods: Fifty adult male Wistar Albino rats were divided into six groups
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    Oral tadalafil reduces intra-abdominal adhesion reformation in rats
    (OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2012-01-01) Kutuk, Mehmet Serdar; Ozgun, Mahmut Tuncay; Batukan, Cem; Ozcelik, Bulent; Basbug, Mustafa; Ozturk, Ahmet
    Currently, there is no ideal agent to prevent adhesion formation. We have shown that sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitor, reduces post-operative adhesion formation by vasodilatation and increases fibrinolytic activity. Here, we evaluated whether tadalafil, a long-acting PDE-5 inhibitor, decreases post-operative adhesion reformation in rats. Standardized lesions were created in Wistar albino rats by cauterization of uterine horns and abrasion of adjacent peritonium. The extent and severity of adhesions were scored on the 14th post-operative day and adhesiolysis was performed at the second laparotomy. Animals were then assigned randomly into two groups. The study group (n 11) received 10 mg/kg oral tadalafil by gavage 60 min before the second laparotomy and daily for 14 days afterwards. Controls (n 11) received the same volume of tap water for 14 days by gavage. Animals were killed 15 days after adhesiolysis and adhesions were scored blind during the third laparotomy. Basal adhesion scores at the time of the second laparotomy were comparable in the study and control groups. Scores for the extent of adhesion reformation in the study and control groups did not differ {[}median 1 (range 03) versus median 2 (range 13)